What can be designed to operate throughout the frequency spectrum?

Transmitters and receivers are designed to operate throughout the frequency spectrum because they have the capability to modulate and demodulate signals across a wide range of frequencies. This versatility allows for the transmission and reception of various types of signals, including voice, data, and video, over different channels within the spectrum. They are essential components in communication systems, adapting to different regulatory and environmental conditions to ensure effective transmission.

For instance, a well-designed transmitter can switch between frequencies or operate on multiple bands, allowing for communication across different media and platforms. Similarly, receivers are engineered to filter and decode signals from various frequencies, enabling them to selectively pick up signals while rejecting noise and interference.

Other options, while important in the communication field, are more specialized in their functionality or operational range. Communication satellites, for example, operate within specific frequency bands allocated for their use, while ground stations have limitations based on their design and equipment. Radio antennas are also designed for specific frequency ranges and may not cover the entire spectrum effectively. Thus, transmitters and receivers stand out as the components that can be engineered to function across the complete frequency spectrum.